What we know (and don’t know) about autism

At Dayton Children’s, we know families want clear, trustworthy information about autism. With so much circulating online, it can be hard to know what’s fact and what’s fiction. Here’s what research tells us and what we’re still learning. 

Autism is not caused by vaccines, acetaminophen or parenting choices 

Decades of studies across many countries show autism is not caused by vaccines, acetaminophen use during pregnancy or anything parents did or didn’t do. 

• The study that once suggested a link between vaccines and autism was found to be fraudulent and was retracted. Vaccines are safe, effective and save lives. 
• National medical experts, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, agree that acetaminophen is safe during pregnancy when taken as directed. 

If you have questions about medications during pregnancy, always check with your health care provider. 

What we know about autism 
Autism is complex and looks different for every child. Research points to genetics as one of the main contributing factors. 

There is no single “cause” and there isn’t one medication that works for every child. Instead, the best outcomes come from individualized care plans that may include: 

• Developmental therapies 
• Behavioral support 
• Educational services 
• Social and family support 

These plans help children build on their strengths and support families in ways that matter most to them. 

What about leucovorin (folinic acid)? 
You may have heard about leucovorin, a form of folate (vitamin B) sometimes discussed in connection with autism. Here’s what we know: 

• A small number of children with autism have a rare condition called cerebral folate deficiency, which keeps folate from reaching the brain. Leucovorin can help in those cases. 
• Right now, leucovorin is mainly used as part of cancer treatment. 
• While early studies have received national attention, the research so far is very limited and results are inconsistent. 

At this time, Dayton Children’s does not prescribe leucovorin for autism because there is not enough evidence to know who it helps, what the right dose is or if it’s safe long-term. Our priority is care that is both safe and evidence-based. 

Moving forward 
We must be careful about quick fixes or unproven treatments. Autism research continues to grow and we welcome more investment in understanding the causes and improving care options for families. 

If you have questions about autism or treatment options, talk with your child’s doctor. Together, we can find the best path forward for your child. 

Sources: 

• Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics statement on autism (2025) 
• American Academy of Pediatrics Statement on White House Autism Announcement (2025) 
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists statement on acetaminophen during pregnancy (2025)